Domain-Driven Design

1. Ubiquitous Language: This refers to a common language shared by all team members (developers, domain experts, stakeholders) to describe the domain, reducing misunderstandings and increasing efficiency.
2. Bounded Contexts: These are clearly defined boundaries within which a particular model applies. They help manage complexity by separating different areas of concern.
3. Entities, Value Objects, Aggregates: DDD introduces these concepts to represent real-world objects and their relationships in the system. Entities have a unique identity, while value objects do not. An aggregate is a cluster of domain objects that can be treated as a single unit for the purpose of data changes and consistency checks.
4. Domain Events: These are significant changes or states within the domain that may trigger actions in other parts of the system. They help in modeling business processes more accurately.
5. Repositories and Services: Repositories handle persistence concerns, while services encapsulate complex operations that don't naturally fit into entities or value objects.

1. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP): While OOP is a fundamental part of DDD, it goes beyond basic object modeling by focusing heavily on understanding the business domain and creating models that mirror real-world concepts closely.
2. Traditional Layered Architecture (e.g., Presentation, Business Logic, Data Access Layers): These architectures often separate concerns into distinct layers but may not always reflect the complexities of a specific domain as effectively as DDD.
3. Microservices: While microservices focus on breaking down an application into small, loosely coupled services, DDD focuses more on understanding and modeling the business domain itself, which can then be implemented using various architectural styles including microservices.